Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Santhalakshmi, G.
- Penetration and Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Sugarcane Early Shoot Borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Abstract Views :330 |
PDF Views:157
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Division of Crop Protection, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 25, No 1 (2011), Pagination: 1-4Abstract
Penetration and pathogenicity of seven species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), viz., Heterorhabditis indica (LN2), H. bacteriophora (LN8), Heterorhabditis sp. (HII), Steinernema carpocapsae, S. glaseri, S. riobrave and S. feltiae to sugarcane early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen, was studied under laboratory conditions with bioassay techniques. Significant differences were observed in mean penetration of the EPNs in C. infuscatellus larvae. The penetration rate recorded was highest in S. glaseri followed by S. carpocapsae (29 and 18% respectively), while it was lowest in the three species of heterorhabditids, Heterorhabditis sp. (HII), H. indica (LN2) and H. bacteriophora (LN8). In pathogenicity studies, mortality of the early shoot borer larvae increased with increase in dosage. The larval mortality was 83.3 per cent at the dose of 50 infective juveniles (IJs) of H. indica and S. glaseri. It was least at 10 IJs/larva of all EPNs tested. The LD50 values showed that S. glaseri was superior to all other EPN species (24.2 IJs/larva) followed by S. feltiae (26.6 IJs/larva).Keywords
Chilo infuscatellus, Early Shoot Borer, Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Heterorhabditis, Steinernema, Sugarcane.Full Text
References
- Bedding, R. A., Molyneux A. S. and Akhurst, R. J. 1983. Heterorhabditis spp., Neoaplectana spp., and Steinernema kraussei: interspecific and intraspecific differences in infectivity for insects. Experimental Parasitology, 55: 249–257.
- Caroli, L., Glazer, I. and Gaugler, R. 1996. Entomopathogenic nematodes infectivity assay: comparison of penetration rate into different hosts. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 6: 227–233.
- David, H. and Kurup, N. K. 1988. Techniques for mass production of Sturmiopsis inferens Tns., pp. 87–92. In: David, H. and Easwaramoorthy, S. (Eds.). Biocontrol Technology for Sugarcane Pest Management. Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India.
- Epsky, N. D. and Capinera, J. L. 1993. Quantification of invasion of two strains of Steinernema carpocapsae into three lepidopteran larvae. Journal of Nematology, 25: 173–180.
- Epsky, N. D. and Capinera, J. L. 1994. Invasion efficiency as a measure of efficacy of the entomogenous nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 87: 366–370.
- Gaugler, R. R. 1981. Biological control potential of neoaplectanid nematodes. Journal of Nematology, 13: 241–249.
- Kaya, H. K. and Hara, A. H. 1980. Differential susceptibility of lepidopterous pupae to infection by the nematode Neoaplectana carpocapsae. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 36: 389–393.
- Poinar, G. O. Jr. 1990. Taxonomy and biology of Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae, pp. 23–61. In: Gaugler, R. and Kaya, H. K. (Eds.). Entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
- Ricci, M., Glazer, I. Campbell, J. F. and Gaugler, R. 1996. Comparison of bioassays to measure virulence of different entomopathogenic nematodes. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 6: 235–245.
- Sankaranarayanan, C., Easwaramoorthy, S. and Somasekhar, N. 2003. Infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis and Steinernema spp. to sugarcane shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus at different temperatures. Sugar Tech, 5: 167–171.
- SPSS, 2002. Statistical product and service solution, system user’s guide. Version 10.
- Woodring, J. L. and Kaya, H. K. 1988. Steinernematid and Heterorhabditid nematodes. A handbook of biology and techniques. Fayetteville, USA, 30 pp.
- Compatibility of Selected Pesticides with Three Entomopathogenic Fungi of Sugarcane Pests
Abstract Views :207 |
PDF Views:131
Authors
Affiliations
1 Section of Entomology, Sugarcane Breeding Institute (ICAR), Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Section of Entomology, Sugarcane Breeding Institute (ICAR), Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 21, No 1 (2007), Pagination: 73-82Abstract
Compatibility of selected insecticides, fungicides and weedicides, commonly used in sugarcane, with Beanveria bassiana (Balsamo-Criv.) Vuill. Beauveria brongniarlii (Sacc.) fetch and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorukin, the entomopathogenic fungi that occur naturally on several pests of the crop, was evaluated in in vitro assays. Radial growth, biomass and spore production used as parameters did not show consistent trend for the five insecticides tested. On the basis of per cent reduction in spore production, however, chlorpyriphos (0.04%) was most toxic to all three fungi (100%); lindane (0.04%) was most toxic to B. brongniartii (100%) but least toxic to B. bassiana (26.3%) and M. anisopliae (17.1%); monocrotophos (0.036%) was moderately toxic to B. bassiana (43.0%) and M, anisopliae (35.2%), and least toxic to B. brongniartii (13.4%); malathion (0.10%) was most toxic to M. anisopliae (88.2%) and B. brongniartii (69.1%), and moderately toxic to B. bassiana (43.0%); endosulfan (0.035%) was moderately toxic to all three species (49.5-58.1%). Carhendazim (0.05%) was completely toxic to all three fuugi (100%); maneozeb 0.08% was also equally toxic to all three fungi (69.5-100.0%). Glyphosate (0.205%) was most toxic (88.1%) to B. bassiana and moderately toxic to B. brongniartii (39.3%) and M. anisopliae (58.2%); atrazine (0.35%) was moderately toxic (40.5-55.7%) to all three fungi; 2.4-D (0.20%) was moderately toxic to B. bassiana (45.9%) and B. brongniartii (63.3%), and least toxic (17.7%) to M. anisopliae. The implications of the results in sugarcane pest management involving entomopathogenic fungi are discussed.Keywords
Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria brongniartii, Compatibility, Entomopathogenic Fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae, Pesticides, Sugarcane.Full Text
- Molasses-Based Medium Requires no Nitrogen Supplement for Culturing Three Entomopathogenie Fungi
Abstract Views :241 |
PDF Views:109
Authors
Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute (ICAR), Coimbatore, 641007, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute (ICAR), Coimbatore, 641007, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 19, No 2 (2005), Pagination: 135-140Abstract
The suitability and economics of molasses-based media supplemented with different nitrogen sources for mass production of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria brongniartii (Saccardo) Petch, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschinikoff) were evaluated. Radial growth of all three fungi on molasses agar media differed significantly among different nitrogen supplements. The salts NaNO, and KNO-supported the highest radial growth. Yeast extract, soyflour and defatted soyameal were next best while fertilizer grade urea inhibited growth of B. brongniartii. Spore production of B. brongniartii or M. anisopliae did not differ significantly among molasses broth media fortified with different nitrogen supplements. In B. bassiana, however, yeast extract supported significantly highest spore production and fertilizer grade urea the lowest. A comparison of cost of components for the production of the fungi showed that molasses medium without any nitrogen source was least expensive compared to all other media fortified with different nitrogen sources.Keywords
Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria brongniartii, Entomopathogenic Fungi, Mass Culture, Metarhizium anisopliae, Molasses Medium, Nitrogen Supplements, Production Economics.Full Text
- Attempts on Mass Production of Nomuraea rileyi Agricultural Products and Byproducts on Various
Abstract Views :290 |
PDF Views:125
Authors
Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute (lCAR), Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute (lCAR), Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 18, No 1 (2004), Pagination: 35-40Abstract
The suitability of various agricultural products and byproducts as substrates for mass culturing of Nomuraea rileyi was tested in the laboratory. Among the different concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6%) of sugarcane molasses tested maximum radial growth (4.65 cm); biomass production (1.55 g/100 ml) and spore production (5.0 × 1010 spores 100 ml) were noticed on molasses (6%). Maximum spore production of N. rileyi was noticed on sugarcane-spent wash (10 %). The spore production decreased with increase in the concentration of spent wash and minimum spore production was noticed with 100 per cent concentration. Among the grains and tubers tested, carrot medium recorded greater radial growth, rice and tapioca extracts showed greater biomass production and rice and finger millet supported maximum spore production. There was no difference in the spore production observed on different agricultural byproducts like sugarcane bagasse, sugarcane press-mud, coconut- water and tapioca rind. Among the oil cakes tested, spore production of N. rileyi was maximum on groundnut cake (6.00 × 1010 spores/100g) followed by sesamum cake, neem cake and coconut cake.Keywords
Agricultural Products, Byproducts, Mass Production, Nomuraea rileyi.Full Text
- Occurence of Metarhizium anisopliae Var. anisopliae on Sugarcane Internode Borer,Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur)
Abstract Views :215 |
PDF Views:103
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Division of Crop Protection Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 15, No 1 (2001), Pagination: 81-84Abstract
Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae is found on the larvae of sugarcane internode borer, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) under field conditions at Coimbatore. In laboratory tests, the fungus caused 20.0 to 83.3 per cent mortality in third instar larvae and 10.0 to 90.0 per cent mortality in fourth instar when treated with different doses ranging from 104 to 109 spores/ml. The time taken to kill the larvae varied from 5.6 to 13.1 days in third ins tar and 5.9 to 9.9 days in fourth instar. The mean number of spores produced per dead larva varied from 0.17 × 109 to 0.48 × 109 in third instar and 0.92 × 109 to 1.52 × 109 in fourth instar.Keywords
Chilo sacchariphagus indicus, First Report, Metarhizium anisopliae, Pathogenicity.Full Text
- Biology and Predatory Potential of Micraspis univittata (Hope), a Coccinellid Predator Recorded in Sugarcane Ecosystem
Abstract Views :245 |
PDF Views:153
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Division of Crop Protection Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Division of Crop Protection Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Division of Crop Protection Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 15, No 1 (2001), Pagination: 97-100Abstract
In a survey for natural enemies in sugarcane fields at Harinagar, West Champaran district, Bihar, the coccinellid, Micraspis univittata (Hope) was recorded for the first time in sugarcane ecosystem. The biology of the coccinellid and its predatory potential were worked out at Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, using the sugarcane aphid,Melanaphis sacchari (Zehnt.) as the laboratory host. The mean duration of development of M. univittata was 18.8 ± 0.6 days and the adult longevity was 37.7 ± 7.7 days. The predatory potential of grubs was 373 ± 39.6 aphids while the adults preyed on 3659.1 ± 865.9 aphids. The grubs and adults also preyed upon different stages of other sugarcane pests like shoot and internode borers. But they failed to feed on nymphs of whiteflies and eggs and nymphs of pyrilla.Keywords
Biology,Micraspis univittata, Predatory Potential, Sugarcane Aphids.Full Text
- Effect of Low Temperature Storage on the Viability of Puparia of Sturmiopsis inferensTownsend (Diptera: Tachnidae) a Larval Parasitoid of Sugarcane Moth Borers
Abstract Views :210 |
PDF Views:122
Authors
Affiliations
1 Section of Entomology, Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Section of Entomology, Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 14, No 1 (2000), Pagination: 63-65Abstract
Attempts have been made to store the puparia of the tachinid, Sturmiopsis inferens Townsend. a larval parasitoid of sugarcane moth borers at low temperatures. Storage at 5 and 10 °c adversely affected the adult emergence, fertility and longevity when the puparia were stored for 30 days. The puparia could be stored for 30 days at 15°C without any adverse effects on fly emergence, female mating and male longevity. Storage at this temperature slightly reduced tbe fertility of females. An increase in the duration of storage at 15°C resulted in the reduction of emergence, mating and fertility.Keywords
Cold Storage, Puparia. Sturmiopsis inferens.Full Text
- Biology and Predatory Potential of the Ladybird Beetle, Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Sugarcane Aphids
Abstract Views :216 |
PDF Views:102
Authors
Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 12, No 1 (1998), Pagination: 47-50Abstract
The mean duration of development of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) reared on Melanaphis indosacchari David was 11.3±2.4 days. The adults survived for 22.7±9.1 days when fed with aphids. The feeding potential of grubs was 220.2±17.4 aphids in the case of M. indosacchari and 179.6±40.5 aphids in Melanaphis sacchari Zehnt. The adult beetles preyed a mean of 992.8±256.8 M. indosacchari and 1403.3±99.9 M. sacchari, respectively. The feeding potential of grubs increased with age while that of adults decreased with age.Keywords
Biology, Cheilomenes sexmaculata, Predatory Potential, Sugarcane Aphids.Full Text
- Recorod of Hirsutella nodulosa Petch from Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur), Sugarcane Internode Borer in India
Abstract Views :204 |
PDF Views:141
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, CA
1 Division of Crop Protection, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, CA
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 11, No 1&2 (1997), Pagination: 79-80Abstract
Hirsutella nodulosa Petch is recorded as a fungal pathogen of the sugarcane internode borer, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) from Coimbatore area of Tamil Nadu. The infection level during different months varied from 0.3 to 11.4 per cent.Keywords
Chilo sacchariphagus indicus, Fungal Pathogen, Hirsutella nodulosa, Sugarcane Internode Borer.Full Text
- Life History and Prey Acceptance of Commonly Occurring Spiders in Sugarcane Ecosystem
Abstract Views :210 |
PDF Views:98
Authors
Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 10, No 1&2 (1996), Pagination: 39-47Abstract
Life-history and prey acceptance of commonly occurring spiders of sugarcane ecosystem were studied in the laboratory and field. In the laboratory, males and females of Hippasa greenalliae Blackwall passed through eight and nine instars, and the total life cycle lasted 263.3 and 371.6 days, respectively. In the field, females of Cyrtophora cicatrosa Stoliczka passed through nine instars and the total life cycle lasted 195.2 days. In laboratory no choice feeding tests, neonate larvae of shoot (Chilo infuscatellus Snelllen), internode [Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur)] and pink (Sesamia inferens Walker) borers were the most accepted stage followed by third instar larvae for the spiders H. greenalliae and Oxyopes shweta Tikader. Amongst four sucking pests tested, aphid (Melanaphis indosacchari David), leafhopper (Pyrilla perpusilla Wlk.) and pink mealybug [Saccharicoccus sacchari (Ckll.)] were the most accepted preys while scale insect (Melanaspis glomerata Green) was completely avoided by the above two species of spiders. In field cage studies with H. greenalliae against C. infuscatellus, deadhearts formed by 10 neonate larvae were reduced by around 50 per cent by one spider per cage whereas the same number of third instar larvae needed four to six spiders per cage to reduce deadheart formation.
Keywords
Life History, Prey Acceptance, Spiders, Sugarcane Ecosystem.Full Text
- Studies on the Spider Fauna of Sugarcane Ecosystem in Southern Peninsular India
Abstract Views :271 |
PDF Views:148
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore - 641 007, IN
1 Division of Crop Protection, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore - 641 007, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 8, No 2 (1994), Pagination: 85-93Abstract
Surveys conducted in three states of southern peninsular India revealed the occurrence of 57 species of spiders belonging to 13 families of Araneae in the sugarcane ecosystem. Of these, only two species viz., Hippasa greenalliae BlackwaH (Lycosidae) and Cyrtophora cicatrosa Stoliczka (Araneidae) were abundant, while six species were less abundant and 49 species were rare in occurrence. The spiders were found to colonize the sugarcane crop 40·45 days after planting. The population of the wolf spider H.greenalliae which comprised more than 70% of the total population increased with age of the crop upto 180 days. There was no significant variation in the population of H.greenalliae in sugarcane cropped field and adjacent fallow land. The orbweaver spider C.cicatrosa started colonizing the crop 100 days after planting of the crop and its population increased upto 240 days. Population of H.greenalliae and that of all the species had negative association with maximum temperature and rainfall and positive association with relative humidity. A reverse trend was noticed in C.cicatrosa. Soil and foliar application of insecticides recommended for the suppression of shoot borer, Chilo infuscatelius Snellen in the early stage of the crop growth did not exert any significant influence on the colonization of spiders. Among the five insecticides tested as foliar sprays at six month old crop, quinalphos, monocrotophos and endosulfan significantly reduced the spider population.Keywords
Sugarcane Ecosystem, Spiders, Hippasa greenalliae, Cyrtophora cicatrosa.Full Text
- Occurrence of Beauveria bassiana on Sugarcane Root Borer Emmalocera depressella Swinhoe
Abstract Views :215 |
PDF Views:107
Authors
Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore - 641 007, IN
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore - 641 007, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 7, No 1 (1993), Pagination: 47-48Abstract
The ischolar_main borer Emmalocera depressella Swinhoe was considered as a minor pest of sugarcane in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, northern parts of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh (Usman and Puttarudriah, 1955; Avasthy, 1967; Avasthy and Tiwari, 1986). Recently, the pest was observed in Tamil Nadu also. Root borer becomes a sedons pest, when the wilt disease of sugarcane also occurs along with it (Jayanthi and David, 1990). During the survey for ischolar_main borer occurrence in Saraswathi Sugar Mills, Yamunanagar in Haryana, a number of larvae were found to be infected and mummified by a fungal pathogen. The dead larvae became hard and brittle. The body showed pinkish colouration in the initial stages of infection and was covered with a white fluffy fungal mat in the advanced stages. More than 1000 larvae were examined out of which about 10 per cent larvae showed fungal infection.Keywords
Beauveria bassiana, Sugar Cane Root Borer, Emmalocera depressella.Full Text
- Occurrence of Fusarium subglutinans on Certain Sugarcane Pests
Abstract Views :168 |
PDF Views:103
Authors
Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore - 641 007, IN
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore - 641 007, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 2 (1989), Pagination: 132-132Abstract
Fusarium subglutinans is known to infect a number of insect pests. Recently. it was reported to be pathogenic to the sugarcane scale insect. Melanaspis glomerata (Green) (Raghavendran et al., 1987). During the course of our survey, other sugarcane pests like internode borer. Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) top borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker and scale insect Pulvinaria elongata Newstead were also found to be infected by the pathogen. In the field, 2-5 per cent of the popUlation was found infected and mummified by the pathogen. The infected insects were found completely covered with a white fungal mat and examination of smears revealed the presence of both macro-and micro conidia which is a characteristic feature of the genus Fusarium.Keywords
Fusarium subglutinans Natural Infection, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus, Scirpophaga excerptalis, Pulvinaria elongata.Full Text
- A Simplified Mass Culturing Technique for Sturmiopsis inferens Tns
Abstract Views :222 |
PDF Views:102
Authors
Affiliations
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, IN
1 Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 1 (1989), Pagination: 1-3Abstract
Attempts were made to simplify the culturing technique of the Tachinid parasitold, Sturmiopsis inferens Tns. The results showed that removal of chorion ensheathing the parasltold maggots before inoculation on host larva did not increase the per cent parasitisation significantly and this time consuming step in the breeding technique may be dropped. Modified King's technique in which maggots are suspended in 0.15% agar agar and allowed to find the host larva on their own was as effective as that of hand inoculation of individual host larva with parasitic maggots (Scaramuzza's technique). Both these modifications in the breeding technique enabled mass production of the parasite at reasonabte cost.Keywords
Sturmiopsis inferens, Mass Culturing.Full Text